Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number if page numbering begins at 1 for each issue in the volume), first page number-last page number. http://dx.doi.org/10.0000/0000 (use the URL/Permalink if the doi is not listed - URL)
| Reference List Example |
Bailey, N. W. (2012). Evolutionary models of extended phenotypes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 27(3), 561-569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2012.05.011 or Bailey, N. W. (2012). Evolutionary models of extended phenotypes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 27(3), 561-569. URL |
| In-Text Paraphrase |
(Author's Last Name, Year) Example: (Bailey, 2012) |
| In-Text Quote |
(Author's Last Name, Year, p. Page Number) (Bailey, 2012, p. 562) |
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given., & Last Name of Second Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number if page numbering begins at 1 for each issue in the volume), first page number-last page number. doi as http://dx.doi.org/10.0000/0000 (use the URL/Permalink if the doi is not listed - URL)
Note: Separate the authors' names by putting a comma between them. For the final author listed add an ampersand (&) after the comma and before the final author's last name.
| Reference List Example |
Pempek, T.A., Yermolayeva, Y.A., & Calvert, S.L. (2009). College students' social networking experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 3(2), 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.010 or Pempek, T.A., Yermolayeva, Y.A., & Calvert, S.L. (2009). College students' social networking experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 3(2), 227-238. URL |
| In-Text | (Pempek et al., 2009) |
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number if given). URL
| Reference List Example |
Flachs, A. (2010). Food for thought: The social impact of community gardens in the Greater Cleveland Area. Electronic Green Journal, 1(30). http://escholarship.org/uc/item/6bh7j4z4 |
| In-Text Paraphrase |
(Author's Last Name, Year) (Flachs, 2010) |
| In-Text Quote |
(Author's Last Name, Year, p. Page Number) Example: (Flachs, 2010, Conclusion section, para. 3) Note: In this example there were no visible page numbers or paragraph numbers, in this case you can cite the section heading and the number of the paragraph in that section to identify where your quote came from. If there are no page or paragraph numbers and no marked section, leave this information out. |
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given., & Last Name of Second Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number if given), first page number-last page number if given. URL
| Reference List Example |
Davidson, J. E., Burnell, L., Devin, L., Rochon, R., VanWyk, C., & Virgen, M. (2012). Poetric transcription to explore the concept of caring. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 5(6), 120-128. http://www.caringsciences.org/volume005/issue2/7.Poetic%20Caring.pdf |
| In-Text | (Davidson et al., 2012) |
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any.
| Reference List Example |
Jungers, W. L. (2010). Biomechanics: Barefoot running strikes back. Nature, 463(2), 433-434. |
| In-Text Paraphrase |
(Author's Last Name, Year) Example: (Jungers, 2010) |
| In-Text Quote |
(Author's Last Name, Year, p. Page number) Example: (Jungers, 2010, p. 433) |
Last Name of First Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given, & Last Name of Second Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Article title: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number if page numbering begins at 1 for each issue in the volume), first page number-last page number.
Note: Separate the authors' names by putting a comma between them. For the final author listed add an ampersand (&) after the comma and before the final author's last name.
| Reference List Example |
Falls, S. W., Neal, R. B., & Torres, S. (2008). Doing it better: Cap off to this sewing project. Nursing, 38(5), 17. |
| In-Text Paraphrase | (Falls et al., 2008) |
When a journal article has more than twenty authors:
References List
List the first 19 authors followed by three spaced ellipse points (. . .) , and then the last author's name.
| Reference List Example |
Nilsson, J., Johansson, E., Carlsson, M., Florin, J., Leksell, J., Lepp, M., . . . Gardulf, A. (2016). Disaster nursing: Self-reported competence of nursing students and registered nurses, with focus on their readiness to manage violence, serious events and disasters. Nurse Education In Practice, 17, 102-108. ScienceDirect database. |
| In-Text Paraphrase |
(First author's last name et al., Year) Example: (Nilsson et al., 2016) |
| In-Text Quote |
(First author's last name et al., Year, p. Page number quote is from) Example: (Nilsson et al., 2016, p. 103) |
| Number of Authors/Editors | First Time Paraphrased | Second and Subsequent Times Paraphrased | First Time Quoting | Second and Subsequent Times Quoting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Two |
(Case & Daristotle, 2011) |
(Case & Daristotle, 2011) |
(Case & Daristotle, 2011, p. 57) | (Case & Daristotle, 2011, p. 57) |
| Three or More |
(Case et al., 2011) |
(Case et al., 2011) | (Case et al., 2011, p. 57) | (Case et al., 2011, p. 57) |
When you are citing two different sources that share the same author and year of publication, assign lowercase letters after the year of publication (a, b, c, etc.). Assign these letters according to which title comes first alphabetically. Use these letters in both in-text citations and the Reference list.
Example In-Text:
Paraphrasing content from first source by this author (Daristotle, 2015a). "Now I am quoting from the second source by the same author" (Daristotle, 2015b, p. 50).
Example Reference List entries:
Daristotle, J. (2015a). Name of first article. Made Up Journal, 26(39), 18-19. Pretend database.
Daristotle, J. (2015b). Title of second article. Another Made Up Journal, 35(1), 48-55. Library database name.
This guide is used/adapted with the permission of Seneca College Libraries.
